Introduction of Computer...…
computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output. It renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations and can save the output for future use. It can process numerical as well as non-numerical calculations. The term "computer" is derived from the Latin word "computer" which means to calculate.
A computer is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions through integrated hardware and software components. It works with the help of programs and represents the decimal numbers through a strings of the binary digits. It also has a memory that stores the data, programs, and result of processing. The components of a computer such as machinery that includes wires, transistors, circuits, hard disk are called hardware. Whereas, the programs and data are called software.
It is believed that the Analytical Engine was the first computer which was invented by Charles Babbage in 1837. It used punch cards as read only memory. Charles Babbage is also known as the father of computer
(i) Computer
The basic parts without which a computer cannot work are as follows :
- Processor
- Memory
- Motherboard
- Storage Device
- Input Device
- Output Device
Processor :
A processor is an integrated electronic circuit that performs that calculations that run a computer. A processor performs arithmetical, logical, input/output (I/O) and other basic instructions that are passed from an operating system (OS). Most other processes are dependent on the operations of a processor.
The terms processor, central processing unit (CPU) and microprocessor are commonly linked as synonyms. Most people use the word “processor” interchangeably with the term “CPU” nowadays, it is technically not correct since the CPU is just one of the processors inside a personal computer (PC).
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is another processor, and even some hard drives are technically capable of performing some processing.
Memory :
Memory is internal storage areas in the computer system. The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disk. Moreover, the term memory is usually used as a shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Some computers also use virtual memory, which expands physical memory onto a hard disk.
Every computer comes with a certain amount of physical memory, usually referred to as main memory or RAM. You can amount of physical memory as an array of boxes, each of which can hold a single byte of information. A computer that has 1 megabyte of memory, therefore, can hold about 1 million bytes (or characters) of information.
Motherboard :
Motherboard keeps various parts of the computer together, which allows for the proper functioning of the computer system. Learn the different parts of the motherboard, how the technological developments of the motherboard.
A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of the computer system. It holds togethers many of the crucial components of the computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices. The base of a motherboard consists of a very firm sheet of non-conductive material, typically some sort of rigid plastic. Thin layers of copper or aluminum foil, referred to as traces, are printed onto this sheet. These traces are very narrow and the form the circuits, a motherboard contains a number of sockets and slots to connect the other components.
Storage Device :
It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.
A storage unit is a part of the computer system which is employed to store the information and instructions to be processed. A storage device is an integral part of the computer hardware which stores information/data to process the result of any computational work. Without a storage device a computer, a computer would not be able to run or even boot up. Or in other words, we can say that a storage devices is hardware that is used for storing, porting. or extracting data files. It can also store information/data both temporarily and permanently. Computer storage is of two types :
- Primary Storage Devices : It is also known as internal memory and main memory. This is a section of the CPU that holds program instructions, input data, and intermediate results. It is a generally smaller in size. RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory) are example of primary storage.
- Secondary Storage Devices : Secondary storage is a memory that is stored external to the computer. It is mainly used for the permanent and long-term storage of programs and data. Hard Disk, CD, DVD, Pen/Flash drive, SSD, etc. are examples of secondary storage.
Input Device :
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and controls it. The picture shows a Logitech trackball mouse, which is an example of an input device.
The most commonly used or primary input devices on a computer are the keyboard and mouse. However, there are other devices that input data a computer.
Output Device :
The output devices displays the result of the processing of raw date is entered in the computer through an input devices. There are a number of output devices that display output in different ways such as text, images, and hard copies, and audio or video.
Some of the popular Output Devices :
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